It comes about a year after Mr. Gandhi completed a 4,000km "unity march" from Kanyakumari in the south to Srinagar in Indian-administered Kashmir in the north.
He would walk and take a bus from east to west this time. He wants to finish in Mumbai in 66 days after covering 100 parliamentary constituencies in 110 districts in 15 states, many of them electorally significant.
Mr. Gandhi addressed a rally in Imphal, Manipur, on Sunday to launch his Bharat Jodo Nyay Yatra (United India Justice March). Congress flags flew in the air.
Manipur's majority Meitei and minority Kuki communities have fought violently for eight months. More than 200 people have died and thousands more families displaced by violence.
But on a bright afternoon, thousands of women rejoiced as top Congress officials spoke amid heavy security. Waikhom Ibemma Devi described the state's hardships. "Whenever I go to a relief camp, I feel sad looking at the victims," remarked.
The Manipur people have suffered, and we understand. We will return what you treasured, we vow "Mr. Gandhi informed the crowd.
Analysts and Congress supporters like Tehseen Poonawala say last year's unification march "recharged party workers and gave the Congress organisation, often criticised for being lethargic, a shakeup" and boosted Mr. Gandhi's political image
They anticipate the current movement for mass economic, social, and political justice to accomplish the same.